Additional Question (By facilitator)

Question: What are the constraints and limitations of conveyor systems in warehousing operations? Explain.

Answers:

- Complexity in planning layout to use conveyor systems

A conveyor system requires minimum space within the warehouse. Hence, the designer needs to consider the layout of the activities in the warehouse and place the conveyor system in a position that least obstruct the activity flow within the warehouse.

- High installation cost (High start-up cost)

To implement the conveyor system within the warehouse, the start-up cost and installation incurred is very high. Hence when considering this option, the planner must be able to justify for the high cost. For example, a conveyor system allows a large operation to work more effeciently.

- Inflexibility of movement

A conveyor system only moves goods along a fixed path. Entrance and exit points of the conveyors only exist along the conveyor lines. Hence, the movement is restricted to points along conveyor lines.

-Weight and size limit of goods

Different types of conveyors have different limit in terms of weight and size and these limits affects the speed of operations. For heavier and bulkier goods, conveyors cannot move too fast for safety precautions; prevent damages to goods and injuries to nearby staffs. Hence, not all goods are feasible for transportation by conveyors.

-Special features

Some conveyors have special features to enhance their productivity. In some cases, conveyors are sometimes built underground or overhead. These features helps to save space, ease congestions and avoid clashes in operations. However, these features are limited to only a few types of goods due to their operation speed, size of goods, durability of goods etc. For example, Singpost utilizes an overhead conveyor system for letter sortation. Occasionally, some letters may drop from the overhead conveyors. However, the parcels utilize an normal gravity conveyors instead of an overhead one. This is for safety precautions.

- Requires a big space for the conveyor systems

The warehouse needs a large area to implement the conveyor system because it is very bulky and the belts of the conveyors may be very long. Hence, the warehouse needs to be big enough to install the conveyors systems. Also, the right type of conveyors must be used to ensure maximum space utilisation.

- Break down of conveyor systems

When the conveyor system breaks down, it will cause a cease in all operations along conveyor lines. For example: order-picking activities, marshalling activities, etc. this will lead to inefficiency as the warehouse is forced to stop all the operation for maintainence. This leads to a loss in potential revenue due to late deliveries, loss of sales, etc.

- Proper Trainings of Staffs

Lack of proper training or knowledge in handling the conveyors systems might lead to injuries to working personnels. Hence, they must be trained and adhere to the safety practices and procedures when operating the conveyor systems. The trainings provided to staff might be time consuming and costly.

Possible Consequences: (Article)

Man caught in conveyor belt at metals plant dies.
7 November 2007
Associated Press Newswires
English
(c) 2007. The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
AUBURN, N.Y. (AP) -

A worker caught in machinery was crushed to death at a metal processing plant.
The victim, John Barreto, 47, was trying to clear a conveyor belt while working alone at night at the Auburn Metal Processing Plant in Sennett when he got caught and was pulled into the machinery and crushed, state police said. Co-workers found his body when they showed up at the factory on Tuesday morning. An investigator with the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration was sent to the plant to investigate the accident.

Companies can heighten employees' safety by considering conveyors that are designed for greater safety: (Article)

Dorner's New 5200 Series QWIK Conveyor Eliminates Belt Pinch Points for Greater Worker Safety
10 January 2008
Product News Network
Copyright (c) 2008. Thomas Publishing Company. All Rights Reserved.

Hartland, Wis., (November 28, 2007) - There are enough hidden dangers out on the plant floor to worry about - your conveyor system shouldn't be one of them.

The new 5200 Series QWIK Conveyor system from Dorner Manufacturing comes with a completely contained belt. This innovative design feature greatly improves worker safety by eliminating catenary sag and reducing pinch points of the belt as it moves around the pulley and along the frame. The specially designed UHMW plastic hold-down strips contain the belt by wrapping around the ends of the conveyor, reducing the chances of getting a finger caught during operation
.
5200 Series QWIK Conveyor
Dorner's 5200 Series QWIK Conveyor, which launched in August 2007, allows end users to modify the length, or even add or remove a curve, to adjust to changing applications. These unique design features give end-users with industrial, automation or packaging applications the ultimate in flexibility by being able to quickly and easily modify their conveyor systems when the application changes.

The new 5200 Series QWIK Conveyor is a proven time and money saver. Production lines change all the time, and the 5200 Series is designed to change right along with them. Instead of designing your own conveyor, or waiting weeks for a conveyor to arrive to accommodate a new line in the plant, the 5200 Series QWIK Conveyor can be shortened or extended simply, by one person in as little as 10 minutes.

Reconfiguring the conveyor is a breeze. To shorten or lengthen the conveyor, remove the plastic chain belt and simply cut the conveyor with a saw to the desired length. Remove the appropriate amount of belt links to fit the new length and tighten the screws with an Allen wrench. To add length, remove the tail and insert a new section of pre-ordered frame and tighten with an Allen wrench. End users can also change a curve that used to go left, and make it go right without having to purchase any additional components. It's really that easy. In no time, your line is back up and running.

The 5200 Series QWIK Conveyor comes in straights, curves and cleats, and works great in a
variety of industrial, automation and packaging applications. Hartland, Wisconsin-based Dorner Manufacturing is a world leader in the design, manufacture and distribution of high-quality conveyors and related equipment. Since 1973, companies from around the world have turned to Dorner conveyors for greatly improved efficiency and productivity. For more information about products or company news, visit Dorner's Web site at www.dorner.com .

Pop quiz...

Hope this instructional blog has helped you learn more about conveyors and its various types. Our team have come up with a simple quiz for everyone to attempt. Please feel free to click the link below to attempt the quiz. Hope you have a joyful day. ^-^

Quiz Link:

<http://www.xatquiz.com/gallery/showimage.php?i=6461&c=>

Articles Section: Latest Trends

On the move
Dairy Field, Jan 2003 by Parlin, Sandy

PROCESSING

TECHNOLOGY

The latest trends in conveyor belting keep dairy plants in motion.

What do dairy manufacturers look for in a conveyor system? Safety, reliability and performance to start, conveyor suppliers say. Processors also seek a high sanitation standard, and they want versatile systems that can do more in less space.

Suppliers are meeting that demand. "What customers are looking for are suppliers who can provide the knowledge and expertise to integrate conveyors with the other machinery (stackers, destackers, case packers and palletizers) to optimize the operation," says Ian Stock, vice president of Ontario, Canada-based Deam Co. Ltd.

The function of conveyors in a dairy plant is basic:
to move product from one machine or process to another and act as an accumulation buffer between these stops.

A manufacturer of stainless-steel product and package handling equipment for the dairy, food and confectionary industries, Deam works with its customers to reconfigure plant layouts to get more use out of existing space. "This inevitably leads to conveyor layout optimization," says Stock. "Empty case conveyors are being moved overhead to free up precious floor space. Accumulation table conveyors are replacing serpentine tabletop conveyors to concentrate the accumulation in a small footprint."

Deam makes no-load conveyors, which pneumatically lift loads from conveyor tracks when forward motion stops, reducing wear on conveyors and containers; drive-safety units with sensors that detect excess slack, then automatically shuts down and sounds an alarm; and Eurodrive IP 65 gearmotors with two-part treatments to environmentally seal the motors to extend their life.

Rosemount, Minn.-based Cannon Equipment Inc. also supplies components that have a higher tolerance to wear and fatigue, according to Tom Burbank, the company's representative for machinery and dairy sales. Cannon's Ultraclean conveyor has open sides, which provides easier and more thorough cleaning.

Sanitation

Ease of cleaning is a feature mentioned by many suppliers as critical in the food industry. The issue for conveyor belting in the dairy industry is, and has always been, sanitation as measured by 3-A dairy standards, according to Mark Wierzbinski, director of marketing as the Germantown, Wis., plant of Skokie, Ill.-based Ammeraal Beltech Inc. "There is ongoing development of belt materials designed to aid in maintenance of hygiene standards," he says. "We market two distinct constructions of conveyor belts that meet the 3-A standards and have been approved by USDA-Dairy."

These products have extruded solid-- plastic belts and two-ply polyester reinforced belts with top and bottom covers and sealed edges. "We expect to see even greater focus on sanitary regulation and product purity/contamination prevention," Wierzbinski says. Part of that future design will eliminate or reduce the need for chain lubrication, he says.

A Morningstar Foods plant in Delhi, MY, uses a Dynac Accumulator for small-bottle applications and a washable stainless-steel conveyor with Rex chain in washdown areas.

Processor Needs

Conveyors are "absolutely necessary to move product from filling to packaging to palletizing," says Willis Brown, Morningstar's regional engineer. Brown says his company is moving toward accumulation conveyors for its value-added bottle lines.

At Swiss Valley Farms' plant in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, standard tabletop conveyors made by Minneapolis-based Edmeyer Inc. move tubs of cottage cheese and sour cream from the fillers to packaging machines. "No belting is involved in the custom-made conveyors," says Mike Klein, plant manager.

Other dairy companies might use equipment manufactured by Mepaco of Beaver Dam, Wis., which provides belt conveyors and dual-auger feed-- pumping systems to the industry. "Raw cheese is conveyed in various forms to a grinder, where it is ground into appropriate sizes," explains Bill Lynn, Mepaco's vice president of sales. "It is conveyed to the blender and discharged into a dual-auger pumping system (two augers that force-feed a heavy-duty rotary pump). It is then pumped into a cooker/pasteurizer and into many types of fillers, bulk or sliced, and finally moves to packaging."

Industry Trends

Doug Schieber, sales manager of Carrier Vibrating Equipment in Louisville, Ky., sees improvements in conveyor control technology because of more powerful and economical electronic components. The company recently developed new drive systems and controls that allow for online speed adjustment without reducing vibration amplitude. "This is good for spray-agglomerated products or others that are crystallized on conveyors," says Schieber.

Variable retention time permits the processing of many grades of product on a single unit. "Processing functions such as crystallizing, cooling, drying, classifying or simply conveying are possible on vibrating conveyors," says Schieber.
Carrier also has introduced patented electronic delta-phase and ampliflex technologies for process control. The company specializes in applying vibrating equipment to difficult process problems, such as those found in the dairy industry, where most products are sticky or temperature sensitive.

Cont'd
Link:http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3846/is_200301/ai_n9181993/pg_1

Articles Section: Changes Ahead

Changes ahead (Carwash Industry)
From Volume 31, Issue 12 - December 2007
Feature : Industry experts look back at 2007 and make predictions for 2008.
by: Kate Carr, Editor in Chief

Conveyors mold themselves

In 2008, conveyor operators should…
• Expand horizons. Look into multi-profit center ideas that might work well with your business (coffee, gas, c-store, etc.) You’ve already got the management and labor in place, now you just need to find a good fit.

• Create a loyalty program. Club cards (where members are charged a flat fee for unlimited monthly or yearly washing) are one of the easiest ways to maintain a steady source of revenue. Even if you don’t offer a club card, a loyalty program of some kind is a necessity for a conveyor carwash operation in 2008.

"For conveyor operators, the trends are not as significant as determining what sort of customer you want to attract and what sort of business model you want to operate. Much of this is common sense, experts say. If you do not enjoy dealing with labor headaches, it’s time to streamline your operation to an express exterior. If you want to be known in the community as a top-of-the-line service provider, you’re obviously leaning towards a full-service business model.The devil is in the details, though. Menu options, vacuuming options, even your lobby choices will help differentiate your service from the next guy. Thorsby points out the potential for multi-profit centers, which seem to go hand-in-hand with labor and management-intensive conveyor operations.Another small detail? Your customer loyalty program or club card service. According to Kilgore, these cards can keep you afloat when times get tough. His experience is with operators on the west coast, but it is easy to see how adapting this to an east coast operation struggling with weather-related issues could cause a big boost to business.“This is a major change in the way that marketing is going to be done next year,” Kilgore said."


Link:http://www.carwash.com/article.asp?IndexID=6636885

Articles Section: Grosvenor Waste Management

Grosvenor Waste Management expand their Century Wharf site with the help of Canning Conveyor.
4th December 2007, Company & Industry News

Awarded the initial contract for supply of conveyor systems for the Grosvenor Waste Management Century Wharf site, Canning was subsequently awarded a second contract for the supply of two quality assurance stations and eight associated conveyors for their new MRF production line on the Crayford site.

Delivered, installed and commissioned at Century Wharf in early 2007 Canning supplied three transfer conveyors and a screen feed conveyor.

With the new system receiving feed from an existing trommel screen a feed conveyor delivers waste materials onto a new double deck screen installed by Grosvenor Waste Management; oversize material feeding onto an oversize conveyor and a quality assurance conveyor. Two new quality assurance stations were supplied complete with structures to carry the new conveyors and included picking chutes, floors, stairs and full hand railing.

Plastic line conveyor system.

Recently, Canning has also successfully supplied a feed conveyor to integrate into changes within the existing plastic line conveyor system. Two new 12m long troughed belt conveyors installed by Grosvenor Waste Management are 900mm wide and are designed to accept mixed plastics from an existing conveyor and elevate to feed onto the second new conveyor located at high level which has been supplied by Canning. This second feed conveyor is approximately 90m in length and accepts mixed plastics at high level and runs at a height of 6 metres horizontally over the yard. Running parallel to the existing building it discharges via a 2-way chute directly into the new plastic and tin sorting plant feed hoppers.

Paper line conveyor system.

Canning has also been tasked with the supply of a new paper line conveyor system to the Century Wharf site which has been built and is now awaiting dispatch to the site. This third element of the on-going project will involve the supply of seven conveyors including Canning SuperDrive motorized drums and includes modifications to existing picking conveyors.
Canning will modify three existing conveyors so that all are the same length. With their duty being to feed onto a new conveyor or into an existing bay this modification will involve the installation of a 2-way chute with electric actuator flap doors. Receiving feed from the three existing conveyors a short 15m long x 1.2m wide collecting conveyor will be installed which is designed to accept all reject materials from the three belts.

This conveyor will run horizontally beneath the picking station floor and out through the back of the building before discharging onto an elevated conveyor. Canning will supply a 20m long troughed belt conveyor which is designed to elevate up at approximately 20°, running parallel to the building before discharging onto a new overhead conveyor. 75 metres in length this conveyor is constructed in a heavy duty lattice framework and will run horizontally 5 metres above the yard before discharging via a 2-way chute, either directly into an existing storage bay or onto a new feed conveyor.

This new feed conveyor approximately 10 metres in length will run horizontally beneath the building roof before discharging via a 2-way chute into an existing baler or alternatively onto a new second feed conveyor. This second feed, approximately 15 metres in length will elevate beneath the building roof before also discharging via a 2-way chute onto either of two further new feed conveyors. These two conveyors both approximately 10 metres in length elevate before they discharge respectively onto the existing balers no 2 and no 3 conveyors.
All the new conveyors will be powered by Canning ‘SuperDrive' motorized drums; specifically for use in the waste industry these will be supplied with special labyrinth seals to eliminate any ingress from CD and audio tapes.

John Viviani, Managing Director, commented "the new systems will provide Grosvenor Waste Management with a fully integrated conveyor system across its 10 acre site to further improve the processing of recyclables at Europe's largest MRF. This is the latest in a series of substantial investments by Grosvenor Waste Management that will enhance operational and cost efficiencies on the site."

Canning Conveyor Co Ltd,

Sandy Lane Industrial Estate

Sandy Lane Worksop

Notts S80 1TN

Tel: 01909 486166

Fax: 01909 500638

Email: sales@canningconveyor.co.uk

Web: http://www.canningconveyor.co.uk/

Link:http://www.hub-4.com/news/836/grosvenor-waste-management-expand-their-century-wharf-site-with-the-help-of-canning-conveyor

Articles Section: Extendable Conveyors

Extendable conveyors available from Industrial Conveying
29-Nov-2007

Extendable conveyors

Industrial Conveying has developed its own extendable conveyors – unique, flexible equipment that expands and contracts and can be made into a straight, curved or bent configuration according to requirements. The extendable conveyors are quick and easy to set-up and have legs for adjustable height, on lockable castors. The skate wheels or polypropylene rollers are designed to ensure self-tracking. Extendable conveyors are ideal for moving goods in warehouse and storage situations as well as loading or unloading trucks. The extendable conveyors can be easily moved to give flexibility and multi-use functionality in your organisation.

The extendable conveyors can be manufactured to almost any desired length or width to suit the application. Models available as standard are zinc plated mild steel or stainless steel components giving a very rigid and sturdy construction that will continue to perform in just about any industrial environment with minimal maintenance. The economical expandable gravity conveyors are for multi-sized packages in low, medium and high volume applications.
Standard models come in widths of 350mm to 610mm and lengths of 1.8 metres to 8.8 metres.
The extendable conveyors have a carrying capacity up to 250 kg and come with either polypropylene roller or steel stake castors.

Link:http://www.ferret.com.au/c/Industrial-Conveying-Aust/Extendable-conveyors-available-from-Industrial-Conveying-n733443

Articles Section : New Hygienic Conveyors

Conveyors are one of the best productivity-enhancing tools available to warehouses, industrial facilities, and distribution centers. Articles shown subsequently reflects on how conveyors have helped the industry in becoming more efficient.

New hygienic conveyors available from Enmin Vibratory Equipment
4-Dec-2007

Hygienic Conveyors

To compliment its vibratory processing equipment Enmin is also providing special conveyors where product is required to be elevated. Transporting product from near ground level to the in-feed system of the vibratory processing system, these hygienic conveyors are manufactured to the same high standards of HACCP requirements.

Construction is a combination of stainless steel and food grade plastic belting and components. Safety issues are eliminated with the direct drive design and the enclosed pulley system. Washing down is acceptable since the conveyors are built to IP65 standards. These hygienic conveyors are offered as a standard design with belt widths, elevating heights and lengths being flexible. The supporting frame can be produced with lockable castors where mobility is required. Drives can be supplied in both single phase and three phase electrical configurations. Additions in the form of product receiving hoppers, in-feed chutes, discharge chutes and diverters, protection covers are all available. All Enmin Vibratory Equipment ’s products are produced to HACCP standards; these hygienic conveyors follow the same design prerequisites.

Link:

http://www.ferret.com.au/c/Enmin-Vibratory-Equipment/New-hygienic-conveyors-available-from-Enmin-Vibratory-Equipment-n733561

Safety Practices of Using Conveyors Part 2

Safety Practices of Using Conveyors (part 2)


These are some of the warning signs to take note when handling the conveyors






Do not climb, sit, stand, walk, ride, or touch the conveyor at any time









Operate equipment only with all approved covers and guards in place








Do not perform maintenance on conveyor until electrical, air, hydraulic, and gravity energy sources have been locked out or blocked

Ensure that ALL controls and pull cords are visible and accessible











Do not load a stopped conveyor or overload a running conveyor









Credits: cisco-eagle (Want to know more? Click onto the link shown)

Safety Practices of Using Conveyors Part 1

CONVEYOR SAFETYConveyors are an efficient method of transportation. However, they can also be one of the most dangerous items of plant in a workplace if safe operating and maintenance practices are not maintained.

1. CONVEYOR GUARDING:
   
   In general, conveyor guards must be designed, constructed and used that they will:

• Provide positive protection preventing access to all dangerous areas during operation.
  
• Guards shall be permanently fixed or


• a physical barrier securely fixed in position by means of fasteners or other suitable
  devices, and which ensures that the guard cannot be altered or detached without the aid of
  a tool or key, or


• If a fixed barrier is not reasonably practicable, and access to dangerous areas is required
  during operation, an interlocked physical barrer may be used.

If access to parts protected by guards is required for maintenance or other reasons, the guards or parts of them may be hinged or otherwise moveable, and wherever practicable they must be interlocked with the machinery.

1. ESSENTIAL CONVEYOR SAFETY TRAINING:
   
   It is important to remember that the Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act requires an employer to provide a safe system of work and such information, instruction, training and supervision as are reasonably necessary to ensure employees are safe from injury. During the training of conveyor operators, care should be taken to ensure that each operator understands the safe operation of the conveyor and the following safety precautions:
   
   􀂾 The method of stopping and starting the conveyor.
   􀂾 The hazards in the course of normal working of the conveyor.
   􀂾 The hazards from bad practices, inattention, and misuse.
   􀂾 The purpose of the guard or safety device, and how the guard or device may fail.
   􀂾 Informing the person in charge if any faults or defects arise, and the danger to the
   operator in attempting to correct any faults. A conveyor operator should be closely
   supervised by a person with a thorough knowledge of conveyors during the training
   period.
   
   

• SAFETY OPERATING PROCEDURES:
  
  The following operating procedures apply to all conveyor installations:
  
  􀂾 DO ensure all START/STOP and emergency controls are clearly marked.
  􀂾 DO keep the area clean and tidy. Good housekeeping eliminates hazards,
  (ie. tripping, slipping and falling.)
  􀂾 DO isolate and danger tag the power source before working on a bogged or overloaded
  conveyor.
  􀂾 DO ensure persons working near a conveyor are aware of the location of STOP/START
  and emergency controls.
  􀂾 DO wear appropriate clothing-avoid loose clothing near moving conveyors.
  􀂾 DON'T walk under a moving conveyor unless the access is guarded against spillage.
  􀂾 DON'T clean belts, pulleys, drum, trough or return idlers while a conveyor is moving.
  􀂾 DON'T ride on a moving conveyor.
  􀂾 DON'T repair or maintain a conveyor while in motion (see *Special Note).

DANGER-NIP POINTS:

The most important danger points on belt conveyors are the nip points marked with arrows (see diagram below). Any nip point that is within 2.5 metres of any walkway or access way (ie. within reach) must be guarded to prevent accidental contact with nip points.

STARTING THE CONVEYOR:

Before you start a conveyor, check:

􀂾 Are you sure that nobody is working on the conveyor, and that access platforms are clear? Inspect area to make sure!
􀂾 Are all the guards fitted? Are the emergency stop switches working and clearly marked?
􀂾 If lanyards are fitted are they working correctly?
􀂾 Is the warning siren working?
􀂾 Are fire fighting devices in place ready for use?
􀂾 Are all the lights working and clean?

Video: Sortation in the Conveyor Industry

Sortation in the Conveyor Industry



Credits: Hytrol, abelwomack1

In this video, it illustrates a sortation conveyor system. In many times, products must be sorted from one line to another or from one area to another. Hence, a sortation conveyor system would come in handy.

It also shows the different types of sortation conveyors being used such as sliding shoe sorter, diverter, etc. not only that, other types of conveyors could also be seen in the video. For example, skate wheel conveyors, belt conveyors and many more.

Video: VAI Integration: Waytek inc.

Waytek inc.



Credits: Waytek inc, vormittagvai

In this video, it illustrates the daily activities (order picking, packing, etc.) occurring in Waytek Inc. It mentions the types of material handling equipment being used during each of the processes such as carousel, conveyors, RF scan) and how each of these equipment had contributed in improving the throughput levels and the efficiency in Waytek inc.

Flexible Conveyors

Flexible Conveyors


It is usually anchored at one end to fixed gravity or automated conveyor, allowing the other end to be expanded out and flexed into trailers for more efficient loading and unloading. It is used extensively in shipping/receiving operations for package handling.
Advantages
Portable, expandable and easy to use.
Expands and contracts to suit applications
Flexibility around obstacles
Extremely mobile
It provides flexible tool around production and despatch areas.
It is an ideal tool for temporary packing or manufacturing operations.

Sortation Conveyors

Sortation Conveyors

Used for merging, identifying, inducting, and separating products to be conveyed to specific destinations

1) Diverter


It has stationary or movable arms that deflect, push, or pull a product to desired destination
It is usually hydraulically or pneumatically operated, but also can be motor driven
Advantages: Simple and low cost




2) Pop-up device

It uses one or more rows of powered rollers/wheels/chains that pop up above surface of conveyor to lift product and guide it off the conveyor at an angle;wheels are lowered when products not required to be diverted
It is only capable of sorting flat-bottomed items

3) Sliding shoe device

Sliding shoe sorter (a.k.a. moving slat sorter) uses a series of diverter slats that slide across the horizontal surface to engage product and guide it off conveyor.

The slats move from side to side as product flows in order to divert the product to either side.
It requires gentle and gradual handling of the products

4) Tilting device



Trays or slats provide combined sorting mechanism and product transporter. It can accommodate elevation changes. It is usually designed in continuous loops with a compact layout and recirculation of products that are not sorted for the first time. It also carry products on flat-surface slat conveyor and can handle wider variety of products compared to tilt tray.

Trolley Conveyors

Trolley Conveyors

Uses a series of trolleys supported from or within an overhead track

Trolleys are equally spaced in a closed loop path and are suspended from a chain

Carriers are used to carry multiple units of product

Does not provide for accumulation

Commonly used in processing, assembly, packaging, and storage operations

Vertical Conveyors

Vertical Conveyors

It is used for low-frequency intermittent vertical transfers (vertical chain conveyor can be used for continuous high-frequency vertical transfers. Carrier used to raise or lower a load to different levels of a facility (e.g., different floors and/or mezzanines).

It can also be manually or automatically loaded and/or controlled and can interface with horizontal conveyors

1) Vertical Lift Conveyor

Advantages
It can transport goods up or down; throughputs up to 30cpm (cycles per minute)
Minimal footprint and very quiet.

Disadvantages
Complex in-feed synchronization
Needs accumulation
More expensive than reciprocating vertical conveyors.

2) Reciprocating Vertical Conveyor





It utilizes gravity-actuated carrier to lowering loads, where the load overcomes the magnitude of a counterweight. It can only be used to lower a load.
An alternative to a chute conveyor for vertical "drops" when load is fragile and/or space is limited. It can be manually or automatically loaded and/or controlled and can interface with horizontal conveyors

Advantages
up or down or dual cycle
multiple cartons per lift
very quiet and lower cost compared to vertical conveyors

Disadvantages
Limited throughputs depending on height of conveying distance; and
It must accumulate prior to in-feed.

Pneumatic Conveyors

Pneumatic Conveyor

It can be used for both bulk and unit movement of materials. Air pressure is used to convey materials through a system of vertical and horizontal tubes and its major advantages are that material is completely enclosed and is easy to implement turns and vertical moves.

Products are moved through various tubes via air pressure, allowing for extra vertical versatility. Pneumatic conveyors are either carrier systems or dillute-phase systems; carrier systems simply push items from one entry point to one exit point. Dillute-phase systems use push/pull pressure to guide materials through various entry and/or exit points.

1) Dilute-Phase Pneumatic Conveyor

Dilute Phase pneumatic conveying utilizes a high volume of low pressure or vacuum air to move powdered and granular bulk materials through an enclosed convey line. The high velocity air flow moves materials through the convey line in an airborne state.

Dilute Phase pneumatic conveying is extremely cost-effective and is suitable for handling non-abrasive, non-fragile and light-weight materials.

2) Carrier-System Pneumatic Conveyor

Carriers are used to transport items or paperwork

Roller Conveyors

1) Gravity roller conveyors




An alternative to wheel conveyor as both have similar applications. It is suitable for heavy-duty products and is also used for accumulating loads. Although the cost is higher, but it is more effective in handling of the heavier items than wheel conveyor.The slope for gravity movement depends on load weight.

Advantages
More rugged in construction than wheel-type conveyors and is good for impact loading;
More flexible than wheel-type conveyors and will handle a wider variety of products
Good for side loading and unloading.

Disadvantages
More expensive than wheel-type conveyors
Heavy in weight and therefore not as portable.


2) Live (powered) roller conveyors

It is belt or chain driven and it has a force-sensitive transmission that can be used to disengage rollers for accumulation. It can be used for accumulating loads and merging/sorting operations.


Advantages
Fast, effective horizontal transportation over long distances;
Good for use in applications where products are side unloaded or loaded onto the conveyor, such as at merges or at sortation points
Offer limited accumulation with minimum line pressure
Enable loads that needs to be re-orientated on the conveyor
Lower power requirements

Disadvantages
Noisier than belt conveyors;
Less flexible with the range of product that can be handled (belts more flexible); and
More expensive than belt conveyors.

3) Chain roller Conveyors

It uses one or more endless chains on which loads are carried directly. The parallel chain configuration is used to transport pallets and it is often used to transport tote boxes and pallets

Wheel Conveyors

Wheel Conveyors

Wheel conveyor is a low cost option for transporting light-weight cartons, trays, or totes.It uses a series of skate wheels mounted on a shaft (or axle), where spacing of the wheels is dependent on the load being transported.

Advantages
More economical than the roller conveyor
Low noise operation
Good tracking abilities because of the differential action of the individual wheels;
Easy to maintain, lightweight and easily relocated.

Disadvantages
It is not as durable or flexible as roller conveyors
Not suitable for side loading or unloading
Limited load carrying capacity and generally require goods to have a firm flat base